The Mission Essay Research Paper The Mission free essay sample

The Mission Essay, Research Paper The Mission # 8221 ; is a gesture image, directed by Roland Joffe in 1986, about a Jesuit mission that is threatened by greed and imperialism in the late eighteenth century in the Brazilian jungle. Father Gabriel, played by Jeremy Irons, climbs the mountains of Brazil to convey Christianity to the indigens. He is successful and brings about a aureate age among them. Mendoza, played by Robert De Niro, a slave bargainer, kills his brother, Felipe played by Aidan Quinn, in a tantrum of fury over a adult female named Carlotta, played by Cherie Lunghi. Merely Fr. Gabriel # 8217 ; s leading prevents his self-destruction. Gabriel brings Mendoza to work at his mission with the indigens, and Mendoza finds peace and asks to go a priest. The Church, under force per unit area, gives the land up to the Portuguese who will let slave bargainers in once more. Mendoza breaks his vows and organizes the indigens to contend against the Portuguese while Gabriel warns him non to contend and alternativel y to assist them as a priest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mission Essay Research Paper The Mission or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the terminal of the film Fr. Gabriel bravely leads a emanation with the Host through the conflict. He is martyred along with about everyone else. Merely a few immature indigens are left, whom because they have been touched by God, to reconstruct the community. This film, more than most I have of all time seen, demonstrates diagrammatically, from a normal, human point of position, the net consequence of the brotherhood of passion and greed, where one compliments the other. The two chief grounds the mission is threatened, as I have said before, are imperialism and greed. Greed is an inordinate desire to get or possess more than what one needs or deserves, particularly with regard to material wealth. In this film, that translates into, how the Portuguese merely wanted to derive these lands for net income. Since indigens lived there the Portuguese wanted to derive the land so they could merchandise slaves at that place. This was the whole ground Mendoza disregarded his vows and fought against the Portuguese. The other ground, elf erialism, is the policy of widening a nation’s authorization by territorial acquisition or by the constitution of economic and political domination over other states. In this instance, the Portuguese wanted to get the lands belonging to the indigens because of economic grounds. The major subject of this film is represented in a quotation mark. This quotation mark is, # 8220 ; The church is the bride of Christ, she is besides the cross on which he is day-to-day crucified. # 8221 ; The Bride of Jesus Christ is non a what, it # 8217 ; s a who. She is the many membered organic structure of Jesus Christ that is transporting on the Message sent to her from God, she is the Church. # 8220 ; For the matrimony of the Lamb is come, And His married woman hath made herself ready. # 8221 ; # 8211 ; Revelation 19:7, and # 8220 ; And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven phials full of the seven last pestilences, and talked with me, stating, Come hither, I will prove thee the bride, the Lamb # 8217 ; s wife. # 8221 ; -Revelation 21:9, are two quotation marks from the Bible including the word # 8220 ; bride # 8221 ; , this bride referred to is the Church. When we say # 8220 ; it is the cross on which he is day-to-day crucified, # 8221 ; to me seems to be speaking about the Eucharist and mass. Everyday the church celebrates the mass, where we sacrifice Jesus up to God, and where we retrieve his decease on the cross, which opened up the Gates of Heaven. This could besides intend another thing, this could be speaking about how the Church is ever holy but its members are non. This is kind of paradoxical, nevertheless it is true, we as Catholics may non be at all times holy, but the Church as the Bride of Christ is everlastingly holy. This film has many first-class characteristics. It contains fantastic camera work, breathtaking scenery, and truly good public presentations from Irons and De Niro. All these things make the movie rather powerful, and it can truly pull the spectator in. However, one can non assist but experience captive during the film and yet unsatisfied at the decision. All around nevertheless, this film was great and I # 8217 ; d strongly urge it.

Cameroon, Africa Essay Example

Cameroon, Africa Essay Example Cameroon, Africa Essay Cameroon, Africa Essay Essay Topic: Apocalypse Now Cameroon Cameroon is a beautiful country that is located in Western Africa. It lies Just north of the Equator on the Gulf of Guinea and is bordered by Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, Congo and Gabon. Cameroon consists of various ethnic groups, and speaks many different types of language. Cameroon is filled with forests, hills and plateaus. It also includes some of the highest mountains in the world. Cameroon has a warm temperature year round, but affected by the worst rainstorm during the winter. However, the economy in Cameroon is on a slow pace incline since 2007. Despite the lacking in development of technology in Cameroon, Cameroon has plenty of natural resources such as bauxite, petroleum, iron ore, and timber. The agricultural side productions are cocoa beans, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, and grains. Agriculture contributes the most in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Cameroon and there are plenty opportunities available that can benefit its economy. Cameroon expands from Mount Cameron to Lake Chad. This region includes plateaus, hills and mountains. Also Mount Cameroon, which is the highest point in the country, it is located near the west coast. It arises to a height of 13435 feet above sea level. Lake Chad is located at the northern region of Cameroon. This region includes volcanoes, lakes, and plateaus. The main rivers in Cameroon are Ntem, Sanga, Nyonga and Wouri. These rivers flow into the Gulf of Guinea. The smaller rivers in Cameroon are Dja and Kadei, it flows into the Congo River. Temperature in Cameroon varies in different regions. The temperature is varied from the northern to the southern part of Cameroon. The coastal plains usually experience hot and humid conditions. The temperature in the northern part of Cameroon is more comfortable han the southern region, simply because northern is covered by mountains and hills. The average temperature in the northern region ranges from around 73 degrees to 79 degrees. On the other hand, the southern region of Cameroon is typically dry. The dry season in the southern area is generally from November to March, and also June to August. The average rainfall along the coast generally ranges between 250 cm to 400 cm. On the other hand, the western slopes of the Mountain Cameroon usually experience rainfall from 600 cm to 900 cm. Cameroon gained its independence on January 1st 1960 from France. Now in 2012, the Population in Cameroon is estimated around 21 which puts them as number fifty-eight in populations by the United Nations. The roads in Cameroon are harsh, there are about 50,340 miles of road and only about 3,358 miles are paved. The government in Cameroon had recently repaved the used roads to be able to connect between agricultural areas and commercial shipping centers. The major road that is used most by people is the highway that connects the capital Yaound? © and Douala. Culture is very important in Cameroon and that is what made Cameroon of what it is today. Cameroons population is made of several groups of ethnic people, such as Bamileke, Bamoun, the Bassa and Douala. Those ethnic groups are considered as the coastal tropical forest people. In the southern region of Cameroon, the ethnic groups groups of inhabitants that account for the majority of the population in Cameroon, such as the Fulani, Kirdi and the Highlander Constitutes. Different ethnic groups have their own festivals, traditions and cultures. Some of the festivals celebrated in Cameroon are New Year, Christmas, Ascension, ld-al-Fitr, Eid Milad Nnabin, and Id-al- Adha. Ceremonies, social gatherings and festivals in Cameroon are incomplete without music and dancing. Music plays a huge role in part of any social event. Stomping of feet and clapping of hands are the old fashion dance moves. Musical instruments vary from one ethnic group to another. People play various instruments such as whistles, drums, flutes, and clappers. Some of the popular music styles in Cameroon are ambasse bey of Bassa, tsamassi of Bamileke, mangambeu of Bangangte. Another part of Cameroons culture is their religious beliefs. There are many types of religion that are established in Cameroon, about forty percent of its population practice Christianity. Forty percent practice its indigenous religion or othing at all. Lastly, twenty percent are nominal Muslims. The Fulani groups that are inhabited in the north of Cameroon are mainly Muslim, as well as the group of Bamouns and Kirdis, who are living in the western provinces. The Kirdis had traditionally practiced indigenous religion of Cameroon. They often had conflict with the Fulanis. Today, many of the Kirdis are now converted to Muslim. One more aspect of the culture of Cameroon is agriculture. Agriculture plays a major role in Cameroon. Agricultural is the main source of Cameroons Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The production of cocoa beans is one of the largest among the world. Cameroon produced almost 130,000 tons of cocoa beans in 2004. There are other fields of agriculture such as cotton and production of bananas. The growth of bananas are mainly produced in the southwest region of Cameroon, simply because it is warmer in the south. The estimated production of bananas is about 630,000 tons per year and the production of cotton was estimated about 109,000 tons. Cameroon gained its Independence on January 1st 1960. In1955, Union of the Peoples of Cameroon (UPC) begins an armed struggle for independence and a union ith British Cameroon. France denied Independence for French Cameroon until 1960 because France wanted a union with all its colonies called the French Union. Cameroon was united as one party in 1966 under Ahmadou AhidJo, the first president in Cameroon. They named themselves the Cameroon National Union (CNU). The Cameroon National Union lasted till 1990. Ahmadou AhidJo later resigns, as the president of Cameroon in 1982. After Ahmadou AhidJds presidency, President Paul Biya took over in 1983. Cameroon National Union was later renamed the Cameroon Peoples Democratic Movement (CPDM) in 1985 under president Biya. The presidents job is to appoint the ministers, vice-ministers, and local governors. Cameroon is a country that is divided into small provinces. Governors, who are appointed by the president, are the leader of those provinces. The provinces are then divided down into different departments, and then the departments are composed of subdivisions, which are led by assistant divisional officers. During the election in 2004, President Paul Biya was reelected with seventy percent of the vote. His opponents were John Fru Ndi, Adamou Ndam NJoya, and Garga Haman AdJi. The opposition parties looked t President Biya as a fraud. President Biyas second seven-year term extended has held office since 1982. In 2008, Biyas supporters in parliament passed constitutional amendments granting the president immunity for acts committed while in office and enabling Biya to run yet again in 2011 In February 2008, the government took strong a measure to reduce import tax on consumer goods that in turn reduced the pricing of food sold in the Cameroonian markets. In class, we watched the film The Last King of Scotland. Which we compare the treatment of w omen in Cameroon and treatment of women in Uganda. In the movie The Last King of Scotland, which is based on a true story, set in 1970 in Uganda. A young Scottish physician, named Nicholas Garrigan, is trapped into the plans of crucial dictator Idi Amin. In the film, we do not only witness the evil plots of Idi Amin, but we also see how the people in Uganda treated women of the 1970s. In the film, when Dr. Garrigan arrives in Uganda, he is riding on a local bus to the camp where he is headed. Nicholas falls asleep on the bus, but a Ugandan woman wakes him at the last stop. When Nicholas wakes up, he makes sensual eye contact with the woman. The next scene shows Dr. Garrigan and the Ugandan woman are having sex. This is one example that shows that women in Uganda are very open; also it shows they are interested in white males. Prostitution is popular in Cameroon, but it is illegal. The Government in Cameroon is still having issues with prostitution. The reason is because Cameroon attracts sex tourism from the West, especially for child prostitution. The way that Cameroonians treat women is that they see women as property, an object, rather than human beings. We saw in the film that Idi Amin had three wives. The third wife, Kay Amins son has epilepsy. Idi Amin thought it is a curse, so he demands Kay and her son to live in a different house. This is an example that shows Idi Amin has no respect for women in the film and women are being treated as property. Due to the lack of respect and the way women were portrayed as property, there is no connection of love between husband and wife. In Cameroons civil rights law, marriage needed to be signed by both parties. Without both signatures, the marriage will be nullified. According to the information obtained in a 17 to 25 January 2004 fact-finding mission by the United Kingdom (I-JK) Immigration nd Nationality Directorate (ND), forced marriages were considered a big problem in Cameroon. Not only did Idi Amin have any courtesy for Kay Amin, he does not let any of his wives to assist him with political decisions. As a result, Kay felt lonely; the only person that makes her feel better was Dr. Nicholas Garrigan. Kay ends up having an affair with Nicholas. A woman in Cameroon does not have the same rights and privileges as men, and some laws were directed towards women. For exampl e, husbands in Cameroon have the ability to deny their wifes right to work or to find a job. Although many women in Cameroon are economically empowered and active in civil society, they often lack the opportunity to enter politics and participate in their countrys male-dominated political sector. Idi Amin knows the whole time that Dr. Garrigan is having an affair with his wife Kay. As a result, Idi orders his men to find Kay and dismember her. This shows how brutal Idi Amin is and his true nature. Violence towards women is generally high in Cameroon as well. Women are the most common victims of domestic violence. Spousal abuse is not legal grounds for divorce in Cameroon. These women were portrayed in an offensive way to make a point to human beings Just like males; they should not be the victims of violence by men. Women should have right to work or to find a Job, and not to be discouraged by their husband. In Cameroon, the law does not impose effective penalties against men who commit violence towards women. It is awful that the government is not enforcing the law to stop in abuse of women in Uganda and Cameroon. There are many responsibilities for both men and women in Cameroon. Men in Cameroon are responsible for money and assets such as land ownership and agricultural productions. Men are also more dominant than women and controlling. Women are responsible for home and children, such as cooking, cleaning and child rising. Many have a part time Job along with household duties. Women generally do not own any assets; their husband controls them. Girls are engaged very early for marriage. As early as 14 years old. A man can is allowed to have more than one wife. Women should be treated with respect and dignity. Females are human beings Just like males; they should not be the victims of violence by men. Women should have right to work or to find a Job, and not to be discouraged by their husband. In Cameroon, he law does not impose effective penalties against men who commit violence towards women. Also I think it is terrible that the government is not enforcing the law to stop in abuse of women. In the end, Women should never be portrayed as sex object or a property to another. Heart of Darkness is a novella written by British novelist, of Polish descent, Joseph Conrad. The main characters in the Heart of Darkness are Mr. Kurtz and Charles Marlow. The novel takes place mainly on the Congo River in the heart of the Africa country, the Congo. Charles Marlow is the captain owned by a steamboat of a trading company in Belgium. MarloWs mission is to find the mysterious man named Mr. Kurtz that he keeps hearing about. Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now is a movie that was released in 1979, inspired by the novel Heart of Darkness. The main characters in Apocalypse Now are Lieutenant Willard and Colonel Kurtz. There are many similarities and differences of incidents that can be found between the Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now. In the film Apocalypse Now, the main character is Willard, who is a lieutenant for the United States Army that is sent into the Jungles of Vietnam and Cambodia. Willards mission is to locate and kill Colonel Kurtz. Meanwhile, in the Novella Heart of Darkness, MarloWs mission is to rescue Mr. Kurtz from the Inner Station on the Congo River. Mr. Kurtz is a major character in both the novel and movie. In the novel, Kurtz is an ivory trader that has gone insane throughout time due to the lack of civilization and contact with the outside world. He has developed a different lifestyle and has become a savage for ivory. Kurtz in the film, on the other hand is a colonel that becomes vicious and loses all of his morals. Kurtz in both the novel and movie becomes a psychotic rebel whom is worshipped as a god. Kurtz in both the movie and novella, begins his mission as a man of great idealism with high morals, but later on becomes a monster. The scene that is comparable in both the novella and movie is the attack of the natives. In Apocalypse Now, while Willard and his team are sailing up on the N?ng River, they are getting closer to Colonel Kurtz by the minute. The fog is extremely heavy; they cannot see a thing; neither can the audience. The fog is clearing away as and him are going. Chief, who is the man that is driving the boat, says to Willard you dont know where the hell you going, do ya? Apocalypse Now, Coppola). Chief becomes extremely nervous and filled with anxiety due to the fog and not knowing where his team and him are headed. He tells Willard, l cant see a thing Captain. Im stopping this boat. I aint risking no more lives (Apocalypse Now, Coppola). The next scene shows that Chief has become mad with the fact that Willard is not giving him an answer. Next thing you know, the na tives are attacking them along the shores. The natives have spears and are throwing them at the boat. Chief becomes a mad man and starts firing at the natives with the machine gun. One of the atives throws the spear and it goes through Chiefs chest. Chief then stares at Willard and proceeds to fall to the ground. Chief chokes Willard due to his anger towards him. I believe Chief blames Willard for his death. In self-defense, Willard puts Chief to a quicker death by suffocating him. In the novella, Marlow is heading deep in the Congo River along with the manager, the helmsman and the pilgrims. As they are drifting closer and closer towards the Inner Station to Mr. Kurtz, the crew hears loud cries and screaming sounds around them. The natives attacked the crew with arrows. The helmsman leaves the wheel nd starts shooting the natives with a rifle, and then stands yelling towards the natives on the shore. Helmsmans action eventually leads to his death, because he takes an arrow to the thigh. In the Heart of Darkness, The pilgrims had opened with their Winchesters, and were simply squirting lead into the bush. A deuce of a lot of smoke came up and drove slowly forward. I swore at it. Now I couldnt see the ripple or the snag either (Conrad, Page 65). Marlow, the steamboat captain, says this after the attack of the natives, in which Marlow cannot see the snag because of the smoke, creates by the gunfire. In the novella Heart of Darkness and the film Apocalypse Now, there are differences and similarities between the two pieces of work. Marlow and Willard are both on a mission for Kurtz, which leads to numerous events that happen along the ?ung/Congo River. The novella was more descriptive than the film, but the movie was more action packed and seemed to be more interesting than the novella. Both pieces of work have excellent insight into the madness of men in the Heart of Darkness and in Apocalypse Now. Cameroon is a country that is involved with many different physical, cultural and political characteristics. Cameroon has a great Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the production of coca beans and bananas. Cameroons whether has a huge advantage for agriculture, simply because it is not too hot or too cold for the most of the time. Cameroon is formed by several groups of ethnic people all over its country. With all the diversity in Cameroon, people will learn different language, culture and the style of food. Cameroon also lies next to the Gulf of Guinea, which is another advantage than other countries that are difficult to have an access to water. I believe Cameroon will be very successful in the next few years; it will be an outstanding country in Africa. Cameroon. Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations. 2007. Encyclopedia. com. (September 17, 2012). encyclopedia. com/doc/162-2586700085. html Cameroon. Philips World Factbook 2008-2009. London: Philips, 2008. Credo Reference. Web. 16 September 2012. Women In Cameroon. Asafeworldforwomen. org. Safe World For Women, 14 Feb. 2011. web. 27 sept. 2012. 2010 Human Rights Report: Cameroon. Www. state. gov. U. S Department of State, 8 Apr. 2011. web. 25 sept. 2012. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Penguin, 1999. Print. Apocalypse Now. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. Perf. Marlon Brando, Martin Sheen, and Robert Duvall. Paramount, 1979. Cultures of Cameroon. Travel. Mapsomorld. Compare Infobase Limited, n. d. Web. The Capital of Cameroon is Yaound? ©. The temperature is varied in the northern and southern part of Cameroon. The temperature in the northern region is ranged from around 73 degrees to 79 degrees. Southern region of Cameroon is typically dry. Mount Cameroon 13435 feet above sea level The Population in Cameroon is estimated around 21 Cultural Bamileke, Bamoun, Bassa, Douala, Ewondo, Bulu, Maka, Bakas, Fulani, Kirdi and the Highlander Constitutes. Forty percent of Cameroons population practices Christianity. Forty percent practice its indigenous religion or nothing at all. Twenty percent are nominal Muslims. Agriculture plays a major role in Cameroon The production of cocoa beans is one of the largest in the world. Cotton and production of bananas are also major sources of agriculture. Treatment of Women Nicholas Garrigan- trapped into the plans of crucial dictator Idi Amin. Idi Amin had three wives Idi Amin has no respect for women in the film and women are being treated as property. Forced marriages were considered a big problem in Cameroon Women in Cameroon are lack in participating in politics usband. Apocalypse Now Willard and his team seeking up on the N?ng River Fog was heavy, Willard had no idea where he was going Chief became extreme nervous with the fog The Natives began to attack the boat with spears Chief became a mad man and started firing at the natives Chief dies by spear through the chest Heart of Darkness Marlow was heading deep in the Congo River The crew hears loud cries and screaming sounds around them The natives attacked the crew with arrows The helmsman leaves the wheel and start shooting the natives with a rifle The helmsman dies by an arrow through the thigh

Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Dissertation - Essay Example This research paper provides with an overview of aims and objectives that basically drive the researcher to carry out this research with full devotion and sincere effort. After that it incorporates background of the study that highlights that why it was important for the researcher to carry out research on this particular topic. Important reasons behind studying the social impact of tourism on Manchester were highlighted in this chapter. The impacts of tourism have been reasonably well researched, particularly from the environmental and economic perspectives. More recently, attention has turned to exploring the social impacts of tourism and important research is emerging in this area. According to Mathieson and Wall, (1982, p.133) â€Å"the social and cultural impacts of tourism are the ways in which tourism is contributing to changes in value systems, individual behavior, family relationships, collective lifestyles, safety levels, moral conduct, creative expressions, traditional ceremonies and community organizations.† This report will focus on the research of attitudes and opinions of the residents of Manchester in terms of the social impacts of tourism on their lives and town. According to Butler (1974, p.103) â€Å"it is possible to breakdown the social impact into three generalized area, relating to the resources used by local residents, their economic wellbeing, and their life styles. Research into the social impacts of tourism on a community also suggests that â€Å"a number of factors influence the level of impact. For example, factors such as the state of the local economy, the maturity of the tourism destination, and the level of community attachment have been found to influence the level of impact of tourism activities.† (Gursoy, Jurowski and Uysal 2002) In Manchester, social contacts between tourists and local people results in mutual appreciation, understanding, tolerance, awareness, learning, family bonding respect, and liking. Residents

Describe the contributions of 'psychoanalytic theory' to film theory Essay

Describe the contributions of 'psychoanalytic theory' to film theory and visual culture in general. Be sure to discuss the effect of 'pleasure' and the 'gaze' i - Essay Example Psychoanalytic thought pointed to early films of the 1940s as examples, and stated that some of these films were aimed at particular groups of viewers/spectators, in this case women as the films of this era have become known as a genre of "women's films". The subject of women in these films was considered to provide real world women with an ideal subject in that they were the perfect spectator regardless of the meaning delivered by the film. Also the work of Foucault has been drawn upon to empahsise the use of institutional power to normalize the gaze. For example, how things are understood by a person is influenced by the society and institutions in which that person is embedded, as these social norms are presented within the visual images used by that society. In this way, visual culture becomes a body of knowledge that defines and limits what can be said about sexuality and gender relations as well as the identification of self. He considered issues of power and knowledge to be a cooperative state, not a coercive one, so that the maintenance of a dominant gendered, (i.e., male) over a subordinate one (i.e., female) was dependant on the acceptance of each gender as to the social norms that dictate such states. He considered docile bodies as presented on photographic film as conforming to the social norms of the ideal body and sexuality. Metz (1970) has characterised spectatorship as the process of the viewer suspending their disbelief of a fantasy on film and identifying with particular characters presented through the film. Especially, the spectator identifies with the underlying ideology of the film by way of identifying with the structure and visual points of view present within the film. The process of spectatorship initiates fantasy structures that are housed within the unconscious; for example, how to be the ideal woman, or to have the ideal marriage.In this way psychoanalytic theory described human functioning as a process of suppressing unconscious desires, fears and particular memories so as to maintain a socially acceptable lifestyle. In contrast to Lacan's later theories, Freud advocated that the unconscious was a phenomenon that existed within each individual and that drove current behaviours. The idea of the unconscious had a dramatic effect on how academics, philosophers and human psychology theorists approached the human psych. The reality of an unconscious deconstructed a humanist ideal that existed about the self at this time. Freud anticipated that making the knowledge of the unconscious conscious within each person that repression of desires and memories would be reduced, and so too experiences of neurosis which were seen to arise from repression. He emphasized that the "id" or unconscious would be the predominant response to life circumstances if repressed, and so replace the "I" or consciousness and self-identity. He summed this in his famous quote "Where It was, shall I be". In this sense the overall goal of Freud's psychoanalytic approach was to strengthen the "I" and to maintain a conscious and rational identity within people that could be more powerful than the unconscious.Later theories of Jaques Lancan (1978) and subjectivity, investigated film analysis of the 1970s. As such, the gaze was seen as representing a view of language and the language structures used in co mmunication that in turn reinforce culturally-bound experiences of subjectivity. Positional gazes refer to viewing

The social and political structure of the Safavid Empire Essay

The social and political structure of the Safavid Empire - Essay Example The article analyses the differences and similarities between the two early empires. Among the most evident similarities included their cultures, the author portrays cultural similarities in the attire of the people from the two early societies. Firstly, both were empires thus had definite prides they wished to safeguard. The two societies built houses in similar structures and designs and even habited the same region, the expansive Middle East. The two societies thus often interacted through various means including warfare since they were neighbors. In one of such wars, the Ottoman won thus gaining greater influence over the Safavid. The victory earned the Ottoman Empire numerous commercial rights to trade with other neighboring communities as it quelled the volatility in the region for some time. Among other additional similarities in the two empires included the similarity in faith, both the empires ascribed to the Islamic faith thus had similar religious structures, which also in fluenced the leadership of both the societies as the religious leaders had influence in the governance of the Islamic societies. The history of the life and accomplishments of Mehed the second The royal history of Mehed the conqueror begins with the return of his father, Sultan Murad to the throne. By abducing the throne, Murad earned his son Mehed the throne through inheritance thus paving the way for the life and success of one of the greatest conquerors of the time. Mehed ascended into power with the death of his father on 18 February 1451. As a legitimate ruler, Mehed could now formulate and implement his own policies. Among his fundamental fantasies was conquering Istanbul. He therefore invested a lot of time and resources in planning his inversion and conquest of the region that would earn him exclusive commercial rights and influence. He therefore constructed the fortress of Bogaz-Kesen, which would facilitate the attack on Istanbul. He thereafter invaded and conquered Istanbul successfully thus earning the control of the commercial hub and ordered its reconstruction as part of his new territory. The s uccessful inversion of Istanbul motivated the empire into other successive inversions including the capture of Enoz, Tasoz and Serbia thus making Mehed one of the greatest conquerors. The poetry of Shah Ismali the first Shah Ismali possessed poetic talent, which he utilized in the composition of numerous verses most of which are stored in museums in Britain. As an early poet, the Shah wrote in the native divan language, a language spoken in the southern Turkey. He wrote poems exclusively on Turkey. He received great inspiration from his friend and colleague Sultan Selim who on the other wrote exclusively on Persia. His works just as any other contemporary poetry covered such features of the society as culture, politics and the

Change Management: Carrefour Group

Change Management: Carrefour Group Background to the organization Carrefour is a multinational company which has its retail stores almost all over the world. In the recent past it has expanded the business in the Asian Market. In the year 1995, this company had total of seven stores in Asia but in year 2004, this total went up to 126 stores which was a huge gain for the company. One of the best features of the company was that it was not affected by the economic crisis that happened and this was the biggest reason that company came up with its plan in UAE. Carrefour is an infrastructure group and the real estate was the section which was very much affected by the economic downfall but the company had enough capability to face the risk that it did not get affected (United Arab Emirates: Carrefour expands its services in retail sector). Carrefour is the second largest retail group in the entire world. Carrefour entered into UAE in the year 1995 and till now it has 11 big retail stores around UAE. And soon it will be a famous hypermarket at Dubai Sports City at Emirates Road in Dubai. The company provides as much as 6800 to 14000 sq m of area for a hypermarket in UAE. CEO: Josà ©-Luis Duran (Fortune Globe 500, 2007) Employees: 456,295 Address: 26 Quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret 92695, France (main office) Phone: 33-1-5563-3900 Website: www.carrefour.com Present Rank: 32nd in the World SWOT Analysis Strengths and Weaknesses (Internally COntrolled factors) Strengths One of the major strategic successes of the company is that Carrefour has collaboration with one of the most successful infrastructure company in the world, MAF of Abu Dhabi. This gives the company strength to the company to improve the internal built. The internal reason for the company to collaborate with MAF in UAE because of the restrictions that UAE government put on the foreign companies to start up a business in the country. In order to get the ease, this collaboration has occurred. As far as the industry average in the country in the field of real estate is seen, Carrefour is far above the industry average and the main reason is that it got unaffected at the time of economic crisis. The company is in a phase of a continuous success for the past fourteen years which is easily reflected in the financial ratios of the company which shows a continuous betterment for the past several years. The human resource management of the company is also very strong and it shows the increasing betterment in the performance matrix of the company. This gives the internal support to the company especially in the case of recruitment process. Companys standing at present is at the 32nd place which is really a remarkable success and strength for Carrefour and gives it a motivation to improve its ranking further. Due to the fact that most of the investments done by the company are huge, hence company takes a collaboration of government subsidiaries in UAE which prevent any hindrance in the future. The marketing department of the company is very highly appreciated because of the fact that the company has a huge brand value all around the world and after the success of Hypermarket at Dubai Sports City; it is going to be better and better. The financial department of the company and the research and development section are simultaneously doing a great job of understanding the financial situation of the people living in UAE and accordingly plan the investment. Hypermarket is the best suited for this purpose. Weaknesses The collaboration with MAF is absolutely very helpful for Carrefour in UAE but along with the strengths there are several weaknesses associated with this collaboration. The company does not have full freedom to take the decisions and especially the financial decision. The only area where the company can take the 100 percent decision is the operational department but otherwise there would be several restrictions posed by the collaborated companies. One of the biggest weakness can be that around three fourth of the total profit of the company is in the hands of MAF which means that the investment point of view is really weak because if any person would like to be the part of stakeholder of Carrefour, he would have to worry. There are several social concerns of the company like increasing Emiratization with in the company which means that there is a specific percentage that they have to give to the national employees. This may reduce the output of the company. It is true that economic crisis has not affected Carrefour but under the rules made by the government, there are several restrictions posed on the company which stops the company in its fast expansion. Opportunities and Threats (Externally COntrolled Factors) Opportunities There are several opportunities for the company to expand its business in UAE. The most important factor is its demography. The culture and social aspect of the country is absolutely support the advancement and enhancement of whatever the company is doing. There are several malls and several other locations which are suiting the infrastructure of Carrefour. The financial crisis in 2008 had made the situation worst for the country in the real estate structure. There are several companies which are still lagging because of that crisis. It gives a big opportunity for Carrefour to rapidly enhance the business so that there could be better prospects in the future. Dubai Sports City itself is one of the best opportunities for Carrefour group because of royal crowd and enthusiasm. Threats Of course, if there are so many opportunities for the company in UAE, then threat have to be there. The biggest threat that the company will seek is huge competition in the market. However, it would be lesser because of economic crisis of 2008 but still companies like EMAAR give Carrefour a healthy competition in the country. That too, when the company is foreign based and its major shares are not owned by the company itself. Change Identification This part of the projects deals with the different types of problems related to the identification of changes in the organization: Identification of different kind of changes which can exist Identification for the reason for such changes Identification of scopes and goals for such changes Identification of present part of the changes and comparison with the future prospects Kind of changes This project deals with the parts of the changes which have occurred in Carrefour with its collaboration with MAF in UAE to expand the business. There are several kinds of changes which company has undergone in order to commit this partnership with MAF. Several types of changes which company has seen because of this collaboration are as follows: Change in the working atmosphere in UAE Change in the policies of the company Change in the human resource activities of the company Changes in the process of implementation of work Changes in the roles and responsibilities of employees of the company Changes in the owner ship of the company In order to start for the working progress of Hypermarket in the Dubai Sports City, Carrefour went into collaboration with MAF which has brought about several changes in the organization and its working. This collaboration has affected the atmosphere of the entire organization. Being a French organization, Carrefour has absolutely a different culture and different atmosphere which prevails in the company but entering into UAE was an absolute change for the company. The change in the working process of the company is very high as it does not match to the working standards of Carrefour in other countries. There are several changes in the policies and processes and especially the ownership has a great effect because of such collaboration Reason for changes There are different reasons which have led to the growth of such changes in the organizational structure and its working process. The main of them all is ors collaboration with MAF. Entering into UAE for a foreign based company is not an easy job to do until unless company do not have any partner who is national of UAE and that too with a partnership of more than 50 percent shares of the company. Hence, company entered into the UAE market with its collaboration in MAF for making Hypermarket in the Dubai Sports City. Another reason for changes could be a sense of an easy capture to the market because of its collaboration with MAF because MAF is very well known Construction Company in UAE. Everyone in the country knows this company; it would be very much beneficial for Carrefour to enter into business in UAE having collaborated with MAF. Changes in the scope of the company Carrefour has undergone a change at the entire organizational level. There are some special areas where the company has seen a number of changes. These areas where company has seen a number of changes are as follows: Changes in the types of employees Working process of the company Levels of Departments Business process units Level of systems Above are the main areas which have undergone changes for Carrefour because of the collaboration with MAF. It was quite obvious for these areas to undergo changes because of the reason that there is a huge difference in the culture and the atmosphere of both the companies is entirely difference. One is a France based company and another is a UAE based company. Goals for Changes There are several goals which have been identified to connect them with the changes: Collaboration between Carrefour and MAF For fulfillment of law and order in UAE To benefit the name of MAF to seek the competitive advantage To make people of UAE know about the company Enhance the business Where are you now? GAP Analysis GAP Analysis basically deals with highlighting the difference between the implemented strategies and the expected strategies. There can be two different types of gap may be there, namely Knowledge Gap and Strategic Gap. The exact meaning of Gap analysis is to analyze the difference between the present situations of the company and the future prospects of the company. At the starting, it is necessary to analyze the present condition of the company and in the next situation, the future condition of the company is taken care of. Present and the future condition of the company are necessary to analyze because it gives an indication about the performance of the company. There are different types of analysis takes place in the GAP Analysis of any company. Comparison of organizational performance Comparison of marketing potential of the company Comparison of Business relationships of the company Comparison of operational activities of the company The following diagram shows the gap analysis of Carrefour. Fundamentals Applied for Changes (Kurt Lewin 3 step model) Unfreezing: This corresponds for Carrefour to getting itself ready for desired changes that it going to get in by making collaboration with MAF in UAE. Changes: This corresponds to present situation where the changes are being untaken by the company and making it happening for the customers and the staff. Freezing: This corresponds to the final approval of the changed strategies by Carrefour. Present situation of the company Carrefour is a widely known organization which operates in various countries. It sees different types of organizational culture wherever it starts its operation. This would happen in all the places and same in the case in performing operation in UAE. The culture of UAE is varied. Here, majority of the population is expatriates, which means that in this country there are people from different parts of the world. This is one of the biggest problems that the company is facing. Actually, this is not a problem but it is a concern which is so important to be taken care of by the company. Another concern with Carrefour is the restrictions which are imposed by the culture and the local government of the country on the company. These restrictions stop the company from taking various decisions due to the fact that company has a major share holding with MAF. The root of all such concerns of the company is the strict law which is followed in UAE and high number of expatriates coming in the country. But in another way, for business of Carrefour, this is profitable as well. There are some challenges associated with the present scenario of operational and all around management of Carrefour in UAE. There are several restrictions posed by the government on the foreign based companies to start up businesses in UAE. This is the biggest challenge that the company face and this needs to be soon addressed. Where do you want to be? Future State of the company This will describe the state of the company after little time (at least 5 years after the collaboration between MAF and Carrefour). The future of the company is supposed to be more in favor of MAF rather than Carrefour. The main reason behind this is that the majority of the shares of the company are held by MAF which accounts for more than 50 percent ownership of the company which means that in case of profit to the company, there will be more profit for MAF rather than Carrefour. The future prospects for the company in future are obviously growing as hypermarket in Dubai Sports City is one of the rare infrastructural buildings which are there in the city. This makes this a special place for the local population and the tourist to roam around. But the only problem which the company will have to face is that huge percentage of partnership is taken by MAF which means that huge percentage of profit will go to MAF. Another future prospect which can be helpful in generating more profit is that there is no tax charged by the government which allows the company generate more revenues and earn more money. The organizational culture in the future will be more or what same as the company has its organizational culture in Dubai at present. The organizational culture would be very much diversified. Reason being there are people coming from all over the world to this country. Around 80 percent of the total population of UAE comprises of expatriates. This means that staff in the organization will be of diversified culture. There are several steps which have to be done frequently by Carrefour. These steps are as follows: Company should well regulate its collaboration with MAF so that it can easily operate in the country Company should think of expanding the business and should keep an eye on the total earnings so that it can generate maximum possible profit Company should hire people with in the country and also should call some of the higher authorities from some of the different branches of Carrefour so that it can sustain the culture of the company in the internal matters at least. Company should formulate the strategies according to the marketing potential in the country and according to the diversified public of UAE but along with that company should also keep an eye on the laws, rules and regulations given by UAE. Company should formulate the strategies with in the company in such a manner which would help it to succeed in the plans and should help to generate more and more revenue. Readiness of the organization to undergo the changes This is one of the best possible reasons which could account for change management in the company. Carrefour, being one of the biggest organizations in real estate and infrastructure entered into the business for making hypermarket at Dubai Sports City by collaborating with MAF. There are several changes that company had to face in order to implement their business plan in the country. The biggest change that company had come up with is the organizational culture in the country which is very much different from any other country in the world. There are several restrictions on the business activities imposed on the company by the local government of UAE. The company is ready to adopt these changes in order to generate profit. It might be possible that company do not suit with such an atmosphere of organizational culture but the company is ready to accept the changes because it knows that UAE gives the best possible prospect for their business. Deliverable: To Identify whether the company is ready to adopt the changes Implementation Team Leader: Board of Directors Implementation Sponsor: Strategic Management Team PEOPLE READINESS Action Required When Completed Business Unit / Product Group Actions Were the contracts of business unit notified? Yes Were these contracts briefly explained to the team members? Yes Has the priority of business management unit set? Yes Training Has the identification of training team done? Yes Has the analysis of training been done? Yes Is the Training Information Sheet available? Yes Has the training provider been established? Yes Has all the training details provided by the coordinator? Yes Will the criterions are according to the training rollout? Yes SYSTEMS READINESS Action Required When Completed Information Communications Technology (ICT) Have tools of audit been configured? Yes Content Action Required When Completed Have the procedure published? Yes Is documentation for the procedure necessary? Yes Business Application Does deliverable require software assistance? Yes Does the distribution require any support model? Yes Have IT Business Unit been notified for support? Yes Particulars of the changes (Road Map for Changes) The main objectives which are covered in this part of the plan are: Alternative, methodologies, solutions and different ranges of actions and plans are considered especially or implementation of change Consideration of risk involved in the implementation of plan Consideration of cost to be estimated for the change to be implemented Kotlers 8-Step Change Model Following 8 steps will be used for making a road map for changes in Carrefour for its collaboration with MAF: There is a need to create urgency Formation of a powerful collaboration which the company ahs already done Company has a perfect vision which can lead to changes Communication will be done supporting this vision It is necessary for the company to remove obstacles coming in between Short term profit will be made Changes will be applied for every sector The entire organizational culture will experience the changes How will you get there? There are several changes which will be required by the organization to adopt the business sense according to the culture in the country: There are two types of strategies which will help the company to come up with the changes. These are: Rational This is quite natural that organizational structure of the company has to be changed. It requires changes according to the diversified culture of UAE. New system of workgroup and the human resource is necessary in the company so as to run the business properly in UAE. The main reason behind this is that this will be the first hypermarket in the country which means that the industry and exposure for the company is going to be new. Highly sophisticated system will be required by the company for the process because of the hugeness of the market exposure for the company in UAE Non Rational There will be change in the relationships as well. Carrefour needs to build good relationships with MAF and government of Dubai so as to get the best out of their business techniques in the country. The culture will accept the changes which will be made by Carrefour in UAE. Reason being these changes will be made according to the culture of UAE. Process Change It is required for the company to have process change as well. Process change is necessary. If it would have been a brand of some eatables, clothes, then it would have required that process should have maintained as it is every where but this is an infrastructure company. The structure of the building, shops in the hypermarket and every thing else which is a part of process in the companys operational activities need to be changed according to the destination (change management). Hence all the processes of Carrefour need to be differentiated according to the need in Dubai Sports City. There are some important process changes required by the company: Management process Recruitment process Operational process People Change In order to make changes it might be possible that job roles of the people and their responsibilities change. The biggest problem with the people change result in the de recruitment of some very intelligent people from the company so as to follow the rules and regulations of the company. Roles and responsibilities of the employees will be affected because they will be enforced to follow different prospect Knowledge and training will be entirely different, especially it would required by the employee to learn Arabic in order to work at the ground level Work practices will be entirely be different as a result of the change because these work practices would clearly adopt the culture of UAE. Third party relationships will also be built. This could be done mainly because of the relationships of MAF in the country. The relationships will be built with several agents of MAF. Carrefour will come in contact with these agent companies and will create third party relationships in the market. Information Sharing During the change in the process of Carrefour, there is some information which needs to be shared among the partners of the business. Carrefour and MAF are the two organizations who have collaborated to make hypermarket in Dubai Sports City. There is certain information which has been shared between the two organizations. These are: Financial Information (this needs to be very much critical because MAF has a huge sharing Hypermarket) Some parts of the operational information There are some policies of Carrefour which have changed due to the information sharing. These policies could be: Policies for the implementation of financial plan Policies for fixing up of prices There are several methods which are used for sharing information. These methods are: Direct Conversation In direct conversation There are some processes needed in order to manage the knowledge about the project. These processes are: Knowledge sharing process Internal Managerial Process Cost of Change Financial support is also needed to manage the changes. There are different types of cost which will be required in order to manage the organization. These costs are as follows: Cost of training the new employees in the organization Cost of integration with MAF ( all the legal formalities are included in that) Opportunity cost will also be included. This opportunity cost will be based on the opportunity of the organization to build up a hypermarket in any other country There are different modes of financial support available with the company. These are: Borrowing the money from an external source Issues shares in the share market Investment by the company itself Selling the fixed assets of the company Risk Assessment During the implementation process, it is highly possible that company will be affected by several risks. It is very much necessary that these risks are to be eliminated in order to carry out the work in a smooth manner. Risks that might be involved with the implementation of the project are as follows: Change could lead to incur losses Planning may not be effective Scope for change may not be there It is necessary to minimize the risks as well and hence following steps could be taken. In order to keep the project very much viable for the changes. It is necessary that changes are done with proper planning and keeping in view the culture with the country. For example in UAE, there is a diversified culture and hence accordingly changes should be implemented It could be possible that planning may not work well and hence alternatives should be made so that if one plan fails, company immediately can apply the other one In the case when changes are not adapted by the country and its people then obviously company should keep going with the old policies and old culture. Risk Assessment Matrix Change could lead to incur losses Likelihood Consequences Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost certain Likely Possible Unlikely Rare Planning may not be effective Likelihood Consequences Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost certain Likely Possible Unlikely Rare Scope for change may not be there Likelihood Consequences Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost certain Likely Possible Unlikely Rare Risk Assessment Table Risk no Date of occurrence Risk Description Low Medium High Mitigation action taken Approval of commencement Date 1 Change could lead to incur losses Communication Plan Made 31 August, 2010 4 Planning may not be effective Periodic Review Made 31 August, 2010 2 Scope for change may not be there Periodic Review Made 31 August, 2010 Change Approach (Developing a Critique) Main objectives of this section are: This section finds out the stakeholder of the company and their role in the company What are the barriers that come in between the growth Roles and responsibilities of change management team Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder is the one on whose stake the company is running. There are different stakeholders of Carrefour in UAE. Strategic management team Project leader Mangers Employees Customer The below stakeholder pyramid will give an indication about the role and the responsibilities of these stakeholder in the working of the company. There are different types of roles and responsibilities described by the below pyramid like driving, active participation, advocacy, willingness and understanding. Resistance to change It is necessary that every individual working in the company is resistance to change. It is required by the organizational growth and its survival. There are some important reasons which lead to resistance among the employees of the organization: This could the feedback given by the employees This could be several inputs given by the supervisor of the company This could be results of the audit Several decisions taken on the issues of various teams Resistance Assessment Survey is taken into care for resolving all the issues related to change. This survey is attached in the appendices Change Management Team Change Management Team is vital for the organization of various activities regarding progress of change in the company. For Carrefour, a committee is formed which analysis the effect of changes which have occurred due to collaboration with MAF in UAE (Majid Al Futtaim Hypermarkets ). There are several roles and responsibilities of this committee which are there for them in order to make the change management not liable for the company. Some of the important decisions taken by the change management team of the company are as follows: Change management team performs gap analysis between the present and future trend of the company. The present trend of the company is researched and the future trend of the company are estimated which means that company a possible gap between the two trends is analyzed by the company so that it can give suggestion for the changes to take place It works for devising the project plan of the company It works for the resistance management plan of the company It works for implementation of changes It see the results of the changes which are implemented on the company and accordingly give the suggestions and the review about the research It works on upgrading the action plans and the change management plan if any flaw is found in the plan (How to write an action plan) Strategies for Implementation There are several strategies implemented for the implementation of the change plan of the company. These strategies are as follows: Action Plan: Action Plan helps in analyzing the overall achievement of the company. The main objective of this is the change management plan and all measures are taken on the basis of percentage of the completed plan Communication Plan: Communication Plan is one of the most important plans of the company because it works for establishing communication between one team member to any other team member of the company Communication Plan Audience Key Communication Delivery Medium Date Length of session (if applicable) Location Leaders of each team, Managers of each Department Action Plan Various meeting, e-mails,etc. 31st August 2010 N/A HO Agents (senders) Operational manager, project

Essay --

Abortion is a major debate in society today and has been an impassioned topic for decades. At issue is whether or not abortion should be permissible. Generally I support the idea of abortion given specific circumstances. If a woman becomes pregnant due to rape, she has no moral obligation to carry the baby to full term. It is a gross expectation for society to think a woman should give birth to a baby conceived from rape and to take care of the child as her own. In this discussion I will argue that abortion is permissible if the mother was a victim of rape. Judith Thomson is a philosopher that supports abortion. Judith starts off with her debate stating that â€Å"a fetus is no more a human than an acorn is a tree†. When does an acorn become an oak (Thomson 37-56)? The answer is that no one truly knows, there is no direct moment when one thing becomes another, it is the same way as a fetus. When does a fetus become a baby? Thomson uses the â€Å"famous violinist† analogy. In this analogy you are kidnapped, when you wake up in the morning you learn that you are connected to a famous violist who needs your kidneys for nine months. It is stated the violinist is an innocent person with a right to life whereas separating yourself from the violinist would kill him/her (Thomson 37-56). I believe in this case it would be moral to unplug yourself from the violinist, even if it means his/hers death. You did not consent to supporting the violinist for nine months and therefore you do not have an obligation to do so. This scenario can be used to support the victim who has been raped. If you have been raped you did not consent to sex or make a conscience decision to accept the ramifications from forced actions of copulation. Furthermore y... ... unjust aggressor who has violated the woman's dignity. Rape is an act of force and violence, unlike the conjugal love in marriage whereby both spouses give freely of themselves in an act of love. The woman who was raped is not responsible for the action, and thereby has the right to prevent the pregnancy or even stop the pregnancy through abortion. However, I agree with any arguments that state killing is wrong. I do agree that killing is wrong from the time the fetus becomes a human being, up to any age of an adult. People should not be allowed to take the life of another person as this is a crime. I believe that abortion should stay legal for several reasons; because women should have the right to make decisions regarding their own body and especially if they are a rape victim, and because they have the autonomy to exercise that right regardless of state laws.

Ramon Charles

Simforian Hello I am Ramon Charles Nadado. I come from a middle class family. I am currently married and have two children. During my days in elementary school I have had to transfer twice. During my first grade I was in New Era University, during the second I went to La Salle Green Hills, and for the rest of my elementary school days I studied in Lourdes School of Mandaluyong till my time in highschool. I went back to New Era University for college. My hobbies are watching movies and animes, reading manga and novels, and listening to music.The Philippines has had a history of many problems which are still happening today and are causing many problems for the Filipino people. One of these problems, and not to mention the biggest one, is corruption which leads to the other problem of poverty. Another one of the problems are the environmental problems which are causing many of us to have diseases that we are not able to treat because we are not able to prevent them these diseases from multiplying. The last problem is about the economy of the community, this problem is also caused by corruption.I plan to conduct projects that will help us rise from these problems step by step. But first I will need the support of you Filipino citizens and God so that I have a reason and an inspiration for doing these things. I can try to stop corruption by having an election for new government officials which the people of the lower and middle class will decide upon to improve their welfare. To improve the situation of the environment which can also improve the situation of the people, I will have cleaning drives to help decrease pollution and have more hospitals built in provinces.

Free Essays on Living in a Lifeboat

In his 1974 paper titled â€Å"Living on a Lifeboat†, Garrett Hardin reduces growing populations and immigration to a metaphor of living in a lifeboat. The premise of the paper is that each country is like a lifeboat, only capable of handling a certain number of people. Once that capacity is reached, there runs a risk of upsetting the balance, and overturning the lifeboat, or society. If the lifeboat is already at capacity, then no more can be let on the boat, as well as no more can be born on the boat, until there occurs a death, creating a space for someone new. The United States is a lifeboat, and there are many people foundering in the ocean, wanting a chance to board our lifeboat, since it would yield a good, fruitful life. However, admitting many people would be detrimental to the health and success of the lifeboat. Of course, with this idea, there arises many ethical and moral issues, along with the practical. These can be looked at through many viewpoints, but t he most favorable one is the viewpoint of oneself, and your own survival. Since Hardin proposes that the United States lifeboat only give wisdom, not food, to other foundering lifeboats, we could incorporate the idea of one Jonathan Swift, and pass this wisdom onto other lifeboats, thus increasing their chances at survival. Hardin first observes that the people residing in the lifeboat could take a Christian or Marxist viewpoint of the whole matter. That is, try to help all of the people who are looking to join your lifeboat. If this were to occur, the occupancy of the lifeboat would soon far exceed the capacity of it, and it would sink, killing all aboard, including oneself. His second observation is that there is a limited number of empty spaces aboard the lifeboat. Thus a small number of people can be admitted to your lifeboat. But then arises the question, how do you decide who comes on. Is it a first come, first served basis, or should there be a sele... Free Essays on Living in a Lifeboat Free Essays on Living in a Lifeboat In his 1974 paper titled â€Å"Living on a Lifeboat†, Garrett Hardin reduces growing populations and immigration to a metaphor of living in a lifeboat. The premise of the paper is that each country is like a lifeboat, only capable of handling a certain number of people. Once that capacity is reached, there runs a risk of upsetting the balance, and overturning the lifeboat, or society. If the lifeboat is already at capacity, then no more can be let on the boat, as well as no more can be born on the boat, until there occurs a death, creating a space for someone new. The United States is a lifeboat, and there are many people foundering in the ocean, wanting a chance to board our lifeboat, since it would yield a good, fruitful life. However, admitting many people would be detrimental to the health and success of the lifeboat. Of course, with this idea, there arises many ethical and moral issues, along with the practical. These can be looked at through many viewpoints, but t he most favorable one is the viewpoint of oneself, and your own survival. Since Hardin proposes that the United States lifeboat only give wisdom, not food, to other foundering lifeboats, we could incorporate the idea of one Jonathan Swift, and pass this wisdom onto other lifeboats, thus increasing their chances at survival. Hardin first observes that the people residing in the lifeboat could take a Christian or Marxist viewpoint of the whole matter. That is, try to help all of the people who are looking to join your lifeboat. If this were to occur, the occupancy of the lifeboat would soon far exceed the capacity of it, and it would sink, killing all aboard, including oneself. His second observation is that there is a limited number of empty spaces aboard the lifeboat. Thus a small number of people can be admitted to your lifeboat. But then arises the question, how do you decide who comes on. Is it a first come, first served basis, or should there be a sele...

ECON 401 Assignment 1 Essay

ECON 401 Assignment 1 Essay ECON 401 Assignment 1 Essay ECON 401 Assignment 1, version B- Globalization of markets: Moving away from an economic system in which national markets are distinct and entities, isolated by trade barriers and barriers of distance, time and culture, and towards a system in which national markets are emerging into one global market. Example: McDonalds having to adapt their menus to people changing preferences. In order to stay competitive, McDonalds had to adapt a healthier menu. Also McDonalds realized that their customers want a place where they are able to have a meeting, a place to â€Å"hangout†, therefore lots of McDonalds in Grande Prairie renovated their restaurant and changed the way their menu is designed to make it more appealing, and healthier, for the consumer. They also offer free Wi-Fi for their customers who want to do their business while they are enjoying their meals. Globalization of Production: tend by individual firms to disperse parts of their productive processes to different locations around the globe to take advantage of differences in costs and quality of factors of production. Example: Nike decided to move where the production was made for their product to china to save on costs of labour to create a higher profit margin. By doing this they were able to increase their revenues and also the labour laws in those countries are not the same as North America, therefore they are able to create more product in a less amount of time because breaks might not be required in a country, like China. Whereas, they would be in North America. 1. The Venezuelan economy teaches us that when a dictator is in control, it can be really bad for the country. With a dictator like Chavez in control of political decisions, not every decision made will benefit the country. For example, â€Å"in 2009, when Chavez also extended governmental control over the media and making them only partly free† (p.50 International business, Hill 2010). One of the good things that happened under Chavez’s control is that the government share of GPD increased from 20%at the end of the 1990’s to almost 40% in 2008. However, when the oil prices fell in 2008/2009, the Venezuelan economy went into reverse, shrinking by 3.3%in 2009 and 2.8% in 2010. (P.50 International business, Hill 2010). The future prosperity and standards of living seemed to have increase in the later years but not due to the fact of the economy but more due to the fact that multinational companies will pay billions for poor countries to sell them their resources and the pay them the price its actually worth. In my opinion, the prognosis for the Venezuelan economy will continue to increase because the multinational companies like Shell, for example, need the resources that a country, like Venezuela, has to offer. A country, like Venezuela, is very attractive to international businesses because there is a huge possibility for company to make billions of dollars of this country. If the oil prices were to retreat from their current high level I don’t think Venezuela would have the same prosperity because oil export is the main income for this country and if the oil export would decrease this country wouldn’t have the same revenue therefor wouldn’t have the same prosperity. 2. According to Joseph Stiglitz the problem with the strong rules to protect intellectual property and patents, especially in relation to medicines are as long as you don’t have laws in place to protect those property right there’s nothing in place in order to protect them you can have rules in place but doesn’t mean everyone is going to follow those rules. For example in a case study in chapter six called â€Å"The rise of India’s drug industry† this story is one of the most successful stories in international trade in my opinion because India protected their property rights and were able to make millions of dollars and also to protect themselves from other companies or country stealing their ideas after they spent

Toxicology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Toxicology - Essay Example This exploration is being undertaken too in relation to the general toxicology of antibiotics and the dynamics of antibiotic resistance leading to human and environmental harms. Antibiotics in general have been in wide use to treat many infections, but of late have been the subject of a growing body of literature on the toxicological aspects of antibiotics, not only with regard to the toxic side effects of certain antibiotics on humans, but with regard to the growing proliferation of antibiotic waste in the environment, leading to increased levels of antibiotics in water bodies and soils. These in turn lead to adverse effects on the ecological balance of the environment, with organisms either dying or developing resistance to the antibiotics, radically changing the makeup of the environmental biomes. The adverse effects on the environment ultimately boomerang back to human beings, who suffer from the toxic effects of the antibiotics themselves, or else suffer from the environmental b acklash from the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant organisms that cause new diseases and environmental problems (Klint 2012; Turner 2014; Ebert et al. 2011). Recent literature on fluoroquinolones reflects this reality, with more recent findings showing that fluoroquinolones cause long term damage to various aspects of human health, including antibiotic resistance, tendinitis, rupture of the tendons, and serious and sometimes irreversible neurological and cognitive damage, and damage to the eyes due to possible detachment of the retina, among those who take fluoroquinolones for varying lengths of time. The problem too, with fluoroquinolones, is that adverse side effects tied to neurological damage have been identified but not deemed as significant for a large portion of the population as early as the turn of the new century, and that literature on the greater risk for tendinitis and rupture of the tendons among those taking fluoroquinolones has been available since at least 2008

The position of non-executive director Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The position of non-executive director - Essay Example The researcher of the current paper states that there is no distinction made between the responsibilities of a non-executive director and an affiliated director. According the United Kingdom company law, however, both have distinct roles while fulfilling their responsibilities. The affiliated director is an employee of a company and is given an executive position and authority to involve in the day to day business operations of the company; on the other hand, the non-executive director is not an employee of the company; consequently, he or she does not possess an executive position or executive authority similar to the executive position or executive authority extended to the affiliated director. In addition to that, the affiliated director receives salary or remuneration for his or her services performed for the company; on the other hand, the non-executive director charges fees for providing his services for the board. Fundamentally, the functions of the non-executive directors are to provide a creative contribution to the board with the provision of objective criticism. Also, the non-executive directors are required to ponder over the board matters and avoid straying into the executive direction, which is the role of the affiliated directors. And, at the same time, the affiliated directors involve and carry out the executive decisions for the company on day to day basis in contrast to the function of the non-executive director. ... Consequently, the Sarbanes-Oxley 2002, in the United States, and Higgs Review of Non-Executive Directors in 2003, in the United Kingdom, revitalized the role of the non-executive director and gave more clarity to the participation and contribution of the non-executive director. Dispersed and concentrated ownership Particularly, in the United States and the United Kingdom, the dispersed ownership, which is also identified with the term â€Å"outsider systems† (Maher and Andersson, 1999), is featured with relatively high turnover along with widely dispersed share ownership; in the dispersed ownership, a more equitable distribution of information and a considerable emphasis is given to the protection of the shareholders rights and, especially, those of minority investors. On the other hand, concentrated ownership, also known as insider systems, have features such as the presence of ownership concentration or concentration of voting power in a few hands along with a multiplicity o f corporate holdings and inter-firm relationships. The specific examples, denoting the concept of concentrated ownership, include familial control, banks, holding companies and other non-financial institutions. Both types of ownerships offer different sorts of advantages. The dispersed ownership provides the benefits such as extended liquidity of stock; as a result, the investors can easily avail the better risk diversification possibilities; and, at the same time, the corporate governance framework in the dispersed ownership encourages the use of public capital markets (OECD, 1999); on the other hand, the problems such as supervision and monitoring of management, which remains to be a point of high tension in